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The short answer
Cannabis use disorder is a real, treatable condition in which a person keeps using marijuana despite harm and cannot cut down. It can happen even where cannabis is legal. Treatment relies mainly on behavioral therapies, because no medication is currently FDA-approved for it. Many people recover with counseling and support.
Is cannabis addictive?
Not everyone who uses cannabis develops a disorder, but some do, and risk goes up with frequent, high-potency use and early use during adolescence. Legal does not mean risk-free.
Signs of cannabis use disorder
Doctors use the same 11 criteria as for other substances. (See [What Is a Substance Use Disorder? Signs, Stages and When to Seek Help].) Common signs include:
- Using more or longer than planned
- Wanting to cut down and being unable to
- Spending a lot of time getting, using or recovering from cannabis
- Cravings
- Missing work, school or responsibilities
- Continued use despite relationship or mental health problems
- Giving up activities
- Using in risky situations, such as driving
- Tolerance and withdrawal
Cannabis withdrawal
When someone who uses heavily stops, symptoms can include irritability, anxiety, trouble sleeping, low appetite and restlessness. They often begin within days and ease over a few weeks. Withdrawal is not usually dangerous medically, but it can lead to relapse. (See [Can You Detox at Home? Dangers of Alcohol and Benzodiazepine Withdrawal].)
Health risks to know
- Mental health. Heavy use is linked with anxiety, depression and, in some people, psychosis, especially with high-potency products and early use.
- Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome. Long-term heavy use can cause repeated severe vomiting. Seek medical care.
- Driving and safety. Cannabis impairs driving.
- Adolescents and young adults. The developing brain is more vulnerable.
- Pregnancy. Talk to a doctor.
Treatment options
Behavioral therapies
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) teaches coping skills and how to handle triggers.
- Motivational enhancement therapy builds your own reasons to change.
- Contingency management rewards progress.
- Family therapy, especially for teens.
(See [Evidence-Based Therapies in Addiction Treatment: CBT, DBT and Contingency Management].)
Medication
There is currently no FDA-approved medication for cannabis use disorder, though research is ongoing. A doctor may treat related problems such as anxiety, depression or sleep.
Levels of care
Most people do well in outpatient care. Some need more intensive programs, particularly with co-occurring mental health conditions. (See [Inpatient vs Outpatient Rehab: Which Level of Care Is Right for You?] and [Dual Diagnosis Treatment: When Addiction and Mental Health Overlap].)
Peer support
Groups such as Marijuana Anonymous and SMART Recovery are available. (See [AA vs SMART Recovery vs Other Mutual-Help Groups: Which Fits You?].)
Tips for cutting down or stopping
- Set a clear goal and date, and tell a trusted person.
- Identify triggers and change your routines.
- Plan for sleep and mood changes in the first weeks.
- Get support, such as therapy or a group.
- Avoid replacing cannabis with alcohol or other drugs.
If you are a family member
Stay calm, describe what you see without labels and offer to help find an assessment. (See [How to Talk to a Loved One About Addiction Without Pushing Them Away] and [What to Do If Your Teen Is Using Drugs or Alcohol].)
Frequently asked questions
Can you be addicted to marijuana?
Yes. Some people develop cannabis use disorder.
What are the signs of cannabis use disorder?
Loss of control, cravings, problems at work or home and continued use despite harm.
Is there medication for cannabis use disorder?
Not currently approved. Treatment uses behavioral therapies.
Is cannabis withdrawal dangerous?
Usually not medically dangerous, but it can be unpleasant and lead to relapse.
Is legal cannabis safe?
Legal does not mean risk-free, particularly with frequent or high-potency use.
Sources
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. Cannabis (Marijuana) Research Report. nida.nih.gov
- SAMHSA. Marijuana and Cannabis Treatment. samhsa.gov
- American Society of Addiction Medicine. The ASAM Criteria. asam.org
This article is for general information only and is not medical advice. Talk to a qualified health professional about your situation.